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Hawa Abdi哈瓦·阿迪 - 哔哩哔哩
来自 : 哔哩哔哩 发布时间:2021-03-24

Obituary讣告 

Hawa Abdi哈瓦·阿迪

It takes a village举全村之力

Hawa Abdi, doctor and rescuer of Somalia’s refugees, diedon August 5th, aged 73救援索马里难民的医生哈瓦·阿迪,于8月5日逝世,享年73岁

注:非洲有句谚语:养育一个孩子需要举全村之力。标题一语双关。

After her morning prayer and before she had eaten breakfast,the sun barely up, Hawa Abdi liked to walk around the village.First she would go to the communal farm to start the generatorsand check the crops: sorghum, maize, bananas, beans. Then shewould go past the villagers’ dwellings, just stirring. When she hadbought this land, in the Lower Shebelle west of Mogadishu, thecapital, trees stretched to the horizon. Many remained, but nowthousands of people sheltered among them, in a haven that hadcome to be called Hawa Abdi, after her. “Where are you going?” onedusty, desperate traveller might ask another in the years of Somalia’scivil wars, and the frequent answer was: “To Hawa.”

太阳刚刚露头,哈瓦·阿迪便已结束了晨祷。她喜欢早饭前在村子里走走。首先,她会去公社农场启动发电机,看看高粱、玉米、香蕉和大豆。然后看看村民的住所,活动活动腿脚。当她刚买下首都摩加迪沙以西下谢贝利的这片土地时,这里树木成林,一望无际。许多树林如今依然保留着,但已有成千上万的人在此安家。这里被冠以她的名字,成了他们的避难所和避风港。在索马里兵荒马乱的内战岁月里,每当一位灰头土脸、神情绝望的旅行者问起另一个人“你去哪?”时,得到的回应通常是:“去哈瓦。”

☆communal   adj.(尤指居住在一起的人)共享的,共有的,共用的;(集体中)不同群体的,各团体的

a communal kitchen/garden共用的厨房、花园

Communal violence broke out in different parts of the country.在该国不同的地区发生了群体暴力事件。

☆sorghum   n.高粱,蜀黍

注:摩加迪沙(Mogadishu)旧名哈马(Xamar),中国古称木骨都束,是位于东部非洲偏北印度洋岸的一座海港城市,也是索马里第一大城市、索马里的首都。作为索马里首都、重要港口和历史古城的摩加迪沙,位于国境东南部,濒临印度洋西岸,地处谢贝利河流域,虽然距 赤道仅有200公里,但气候凉爽,林木苍翠,是索马里的风景胜地。索马里拥有很多骆驼,首都摩加迪沙更是全世界唯一骆驼比人多的城市。

索马里自古被誉为“乳香和没药之邦”,曾是出产乳香和没药最多、历史最悠久的地方。公元前1000多年以前,一位名叫汗努的埃及贵族受埃及法老派遣来摩加迪沙购买香料。之后,希腊、波斯的商人和中国的航海家相继而来。12-13世纪,繁华兴盛的摩加迪沙成为世界上第一个乳香和没药市场以及象牙和皮革的贸易中心。索马里独立后,摩加迪沙被定为首都,成为全国的政治、经济和文化的中心。

在摩加迪沙悠久历史中,记载着中国人民和索马里人民的友谊。500多年前,中国明朝伟大的航海家郑和曾经两次远航到摩加迪沙,在摩加迪沙国家博物馆里,至今陈列着中国明代的瓷器。摩加迪沙是一座热带海滨城市,充满着东方阿拉伯的情调。

如今的摩加迪沙,到处充斥着内乱,反叛,战火随处可见,街上人人带着枪支,恐怖充斥着这座城市。

索马里地图

Her name was not only on it, but she ran it, sorting out problemswith the village elders in the shade of the mango grove shehad planted. She guided its growth over three decades from a one-roomrural maternity clinic, built in 1983 with some family gold she had put by, into a 400-bed hospital with three operating theatres,a school for 850 children and seven feeding centres. Eventuallythe village was home to 90,000 people. She was chief doctorand surgeon, farm manager, strategist, fundraiser and spokesmanfor the place. When the rest of the world forgot about Somalia, orturned away, she kept going at a furious pace. “Sitting is empty,”her grandmother taught her, “but working is plenty.”

这里不仅以她的名字命名,也由她负责管理。在她亲手种植的芒果林里,她和村里的长者们坐在树荫下一起商讨问题。1983年,她拿出自己积蓄的一部分黄金开了家只有一室的农村产科诊所。经过30多年的努力,在她的引导下,这家小诊所如今已成为一家拥有400张床位、三个手术室、一所容纳850名儿童的学校和七个喂养中心的大医院。这个村子如今也成了9万人的家。她是这个地方的首席医师和外科医生、农场经理、战略家、筹资人和发言人。当世界遗忘、抛弃了索马里时,她却在拼命前行。祖母曾教导过她,“干坐无用,但工作有益。”

☆put sth↔aside = put sth↔by攒钱,积蓄

I m putting by part of my wages every week to buy a bike.我每个星期把一部分工资存起来准备买辆自行车。

☆maternity   n.母亲身份   adj.怀孕的;产妇的

Morisot had experienced maternity herself.莫里佐也曾为人母。

maternity clothes孕妇装

This was a village of the poor and needy. Its houses were shacksof sticks and woven grass, or bubble-tents rainproofed with plasticsheets. New arrivals often slept in the open, lining up each morningto see her and ask to stay. Many would be women, heavily pregnant,seeking a safe place to give birth where care was free. Somepeople came to find jobs; she trained a band of sharp-eared boys tobe security guards and put men to work at building and farming. Inthe 1990s, when the hospital overflowed with injured soldiers andrefugees who stumbled out of the bush, she became skilled, wellbeyond her expertise in obstetrics and gynaecology, at taking bulletsand shrapnel out of them. When famine struck, especially thedreadful hunger of 2011, people came simply to be fed. At times shecould not think how to help so many, but gave them whatever shehad: sorghum chapatis every other day, a little donated rice cookedup in oil drums, cool water from the wells, a place to sleep.

曾经,这个村子穷困潦倒。这里的房子不是用树枝和草搭成的棚屋,就是用塑料布挡雨的泡沫帐篷。新来的人经常露宿街头,每天早上排着队去看她,请求留下来。很多人都是怀孕多时的妇女,想找一个可以免费分娩的安全地方。有些人则是为了找工作;她训练了一群机警的男孩当保安,让男人们盖房子、做农活。上世纪90年代,医院里挤满了受伤的士兵和越过丛林、一路蹒跚而来的难民。她熟练地从他们身上取出子弹和弹片,这远远超出了她的妇产科专长。当饥荒来袭,特别是2011年那场可怕的饥荒,人们到这来只为讨一口饭吃。有时,她也想不出该如何帮助这么多人,只好倾其所有:给他们一点用油桶煮的捐赠得来的大米、从井里打来的凉水、一个睡觉的地方。每隔一天,她还会给他们点高粱薄饼。

☆sharp-eared   adj.听觉敏锐的

☆obstetric   adj.产科的

an obstetric ultrasound产科超声检查

☆gynaecology   n.妇科

☆oil drum油桶

The residents of her village were mostly women and children.Their men had gone: killed, away fighting, or working in some otherland. This gave her a fine chance to empower women, and sheset to it. She knew how little they counted in Somali society, whereboys were kings. When she was a child her mother had died beforeher eyes after a miscarriage, the blood pooling out of her robe; shedecided then to become a doctor, to save the lives of other mothers.At seven she had been cut and stitched, which made the birth of herfirst child, at 13 after a forced marriage, wretchedly hard. The sicklylittle girl died, but happily her husband divorced her, and at 17 sheleaped into studying: medical training in Kyiv on a Soviet scholarship,then a law degree in her spare time. Devoutly Muslim thoughshe was, she dressed as she liked, and hotly disputed the parts ofsharia law that offended her. In her village, equal rights weremeant to prevail. Men were not allowed to beat their wives, andwere locked in a storeroom if they did. Women were taught to sewand read in a special centre. Girls packed the school, smiling shylyin their uniform yellow hijabs alongside the boys. Her two daughtersby her second, free, marriage, Amina and Deqo, set the exampleby becoming doctors and working with her.

村子居住的大多是妇女和儿童。这里的男人都不在了:要么是死了,要么是去了遥远的战场,又或者是背井离乡在外谋生。这给了她赋予女性权利的绝佳机会,而她也这么做了。她知道在男性统治一切的索马里社会里,女性是多么微不足道。在她年幼时,亲眼目睹了母亲因流产而死,罩袍下血流如注。因此她立志成为一名医生,以拯救其他母亲的生命。她七岁时被行割礼,之后通过包办婚姻嫁人。13岁时生下了第一个孩子,因为受过割礼,分娩过程极为艰难。孱弱的女儿不幸早夭。所幸后来丈夫与她离了婚,让她能在17岁时开始学习:她获得了苏联奖学金,到基辅接受医疗培训,还在业余时间攻读了法学学位。尽管她是一位虔诚的穆斯林,但她打扮随心,并坚决驳斥伊斯兰教法中冒犯女性的律条。在她的村子里男女平等。男人不得殴打他们的妻子,否则就会被关进储藏室里。妇女们在专门的培训中心学习识字和缝纫。女孩子则都去上学,统一批着黄色头巾,与男孩子站在一起,笑容羞涩。通过自由恋爱,哈瓦·阿迪有了第二段婚姻,并生育了两名女儿——阿米娜(Amina)和德克(Deqo),她们后来都成了医生与她一起并肩工作,为其他人树立了榜样。

☆miscarriage   n.流产

☆devout   adj.笃信宗教的,虔诚的

As for her, she could hold her own against anyone. Her bodymight be weak, but her tongue could defend against a thousand.She refused to tolerate the clan identities that made men fight eachother, forbidding clan politics in the village and hanging whitesheets round the boundaries to show it was a neutral place. Thatdid not stop the Islamist militants, however. They routinelyblocked food shipments and barged several times into the village,most violently in 2010 when teenage fighters ransacked the hospital,smashed the four incubators that were the only ones in thecountry, drove out the patients and tore up their records. Sheshouldn’t be in charge of anything, one gunman sneered, becauseshe was old, and a woman. Well, she shouted back, he was young,and a man; he had two testes; but so did a goat. She was doingsomething to help her country. What exactly was he doing? She demandeda written apology. To her great satisfaction, it came.

哈瓦·阿迪敢于独自对抗任何人。也许她身体羸弱,但她的言语足以抵挡千军万马。她拒绝接受让男人们互相争斗的宗族观念,禁止在村里搞宗族政治,并在村庄边界挂起白色床单,以示中立。然而,这并没能阻止伊斯兰激进分子。他们经常切断村子的食品运输,还多次闯入村庄。最严重的是在2010年,一群十几岁的持枪少年洗劫了医院,捣毁了索马里仅有的四个保育箱,赶走了病人,撕毁了病例。一名持枪暴徒冷笑道,“你不过是个老女人,没资格掌权。”她回呛道,“没错,你年轻,是个男人。但你有两个睾丸了不起啊?公山羊也有啊。我在帮助祖国,而你又在做什么呢?”她要求书面道歉。令她非常满意的是,她还真的收到了道歉信。

☆clan   n.宗族,氏族,家族;(有共同利益的)集团,帮派,派系

As their staff were increasingly attacked and killed, the internationalaid agencies left one by one. She had mixed feelings aboutthat. People should work, not get handouts; it was better to trainSomalis, many of them nomadic herders, to fend for themselves byfarming or fishing. She gave the villagers patches of land and asmall fleet of boats to encourage them. But she also needed big infusionsof money and willing hands. In 2010 her three-year partnershipwith Médecins Sans Frontières, which had helped runlarge parts of the hospital, came to an end; in 2013 MSF left Somalia.The UN World Food Programme suspended aid too, and the Italiancompany that had subsidised the farm no longer dared send shipsto buy its bananas. Trips to America from 2010 brought her welcomepublicity and money from the diaspora, but when the foreign NGOs ventured back in later years they still avoided the riskiestareas, like hers. She thought about leaving too, but who wouldcare for her patients then? She sighed and stayed.

随着越来越多的工作人员被袭击和杀害,国际援助机构接二连三地离开了索马里。为此,她五味杂陈。人们必须自食其力,而不能单纯依靠救济。对于以牧民为主的索马里人而言,授之以鱼不如授之以渔。她给了村民们几块土地和一支小船,鼓励他们农作和捕鱼。但她也需要大量的资金和人手。2010年,她与无国界医生组织(Médecins Sans Frontières)长达三年的合作关系宣告结束,该组织曾帮助运营医院的大部分项目;2013年,无国界医生组织离开了索马里。联合国世界粮食计划署(UN-World Food Programme)也中止了援助,曾为农场提供资助的意大利公司再也不敢派遣船只来这里购买香蕉。2010年开始,她多次前往美国,获得了侨民的欢迎与资助。但当这些外国非政府组织人员冒险回到索马里时,他们仍然避开了像哈瓦村这样的高风险地区。她也想过离开,但她一走谁来照顾那些病人呢?她叹了口气,还是选择了留下。

☆nomadic   adj.游牧的,游牧部落的;漂泊不定的

☆nomad   n.游牧民;游牧部落的人

☆NGO = non-governmental organization非政府组织(独立于政府或商界的慈善机构、协会等)

Sometimes she was so weary that she could hardly walk. Shefelt Somalia was lost. What kept her going was a dream of her villageas the country in miniature: the Somalia she rememberedfrom childhood as a string of jewels along the Indian Ocean, itsfields and tall trees greening miraculously after the rains. Thisseemed to her to have been a society of diligence, honesty, respectand love. Slowly, she had begun to rebuild it. No sound of gunfirethere, just the sing-song of children at their lessons; no one hidingin terror from armed gangs, but women working at crafts and menfishing off the shore. And if a traveller should ask these peoplewhere they came from, they would answer: “From Hawa.”

有时她累得都走不动路,她觉得昔日的索马里已经逝去。支撑她继续前行的是她的梦想:她记忆中的索马里就像挂在印度洋沿岸的一串宝石,细雨过后,肥沃的田野和高大的树木郁郁葱葱。她的村庄是这个国家的缩影。在她眼里,这是一个勤劳、诚实、充满尊重和爱的社会。她一点一点地重建自己理想中的索马里:那里不再有枪声,只有孩子们在课堂上的尽情歌唱;那里也不再有人深陷于对武装团伙的恐惧,只有女人们做手工、男人们出海捕鱼的祥和景象。如果一个旅行者问起这些人来自哪里,他们会回答说:“从哈瓦而来。”

注:以下来源于Hawa Abdi和其女儿Deqo Mohamed的TED演讲

Hawa Abdi:索马里这20年来,很多人一直在打仗,所以那里没有工作,没有食物。很多的孩子,都变得像这样,非常的营养不良。

Deqo Mohamed:所以,你知道,往往在内战中,最受影响的是妇女和儿童。所以我们的病人都是妇女和儿童。他们都在我们的院子里。这是我们的家,我们很欢迎他们。这就是我们现在拥有的营地。9万人在里面,有75%都是妇女和儿童。

Pat Mitchell:这就是你们的医院。这是内部。

Hawa Abdi:我们在这里进行剖腹产以及其他不同的手术因为人们需要帮助。政府不会来保护他们。

Deqo Mohamed:每天早晨我们就有400个左右的病人,或者多一点或者少一点。但有时我们只有5名医生和16个护士,要把他们全部都看完,这真的让我们感到筋疲力尽。所以我们先看那些严重的病人,然后再重新安排其他病人到第二天。这非常的艰难。你可以看到,是妇女带着孩子,是妇女来到医院,是妇女搭建的这些房子。这是她们的家。我们还有一个学校。这是我们的希望——前年我们开办了一个小学我们有850个孩子,其中大部分都是妇女和女孩儿。(掌声)

Pat Mitchell:医生们有一些非常严格的规定关于谁可以在诊所接受治疗。你可以解释一下进入诊所的规定吗?

Hawa Abdi:来找我们的人,我们都欢迎。我们和他们分享我们拥有的一切。但是只有两个规定。第一:在索马里社会没有种族歧视和政治分裂。谁要是搞这些东西,就把他轰出去。第二:男人不允许打他的妻子。如果他打了,我们会把他扔进监狱,而且我们会告诉我们的最年长者。除非他们为他辩护,否则我们不会放了他。这是我们的两个规定。(掌声)我还明白了一件事情,女人是世界上最强的人。在过去的20年里,索马里的女人站了起来。她们是领导者,而且我们是我们社区的领导者而且是我们下一代的希望。我们不是弱者也不是内战的受害者。我们可以调和内战。我们可以做一切事情。(掌声)

Deqo Mohamed:正如我妈妈说的,我们是未来的希望,在索马里男人只会互相残杀。所以我们在9万人的营中定了这两条规定。你得制定一些规定,不然就会有争斗。所以那里没有种族分裂而且男人不允许打妻子。并且我们有一个小储物间我们把它改造成了监狱。如果你打了你的妻子,你就会被关在那里。(掌声)所以赋予妇女权利,给她们机会——我们在那里帮助她们;她们并不是独自承受这些。

Pat Mitchell:你们开了一家诊所,给那些需要帮助的人们带去了很多的医疗护理。你们同时创办了一个民间社会并建立了自己的规定,在那里妇女和儿童都获得了不一样的安全感。跟我讲讲关于你的决定,Abdi医生还有你(Mohamed)的决定:让你们在一起工作,使你(Mohamed)成为一名医生并在这样的环境下和你的母亲一起工作。

Hawa Abdi:我生活的年代——因为我出生在1947年——那时候我们还有政府,法律和纪律。但有一天,我去了医院——我的母亲病了——我在医院里看到,医生是怎样去治疗的,他们是怎样医治去帮助那些病人的。我很敬佩他们,于是我决定成为一名医生。不幸的是,当我12岁的时候,我的母亲去世了。于是我的父亲答应了我去追寻我的梦想。我的母亲是死于妇科并发症,所以我决定成为一名妇科病的专家。这便是为什么我成为了一名医生。Deqo医生也要解释一下。

Deqo Mohamed:而我呢,我的母亲在我小时候就打算把我培养成一名医生,但是我真的不喜欢。也许我应该成为一名历史学家或者一名记者。我非常喜欢,但是这样是不行的。当内战爆发的时候,我看到我母亲是如何工作的也看到她真的是非常的需要帮助。对于妇女来说医保是那样的重要,在索马里成为一名女医生并帮助那里的妇女和儿童。然后我想也许我可以成为一个妇科医生兼记者。(笑声)于是我和我的母亲在苏联时期去了俄国。所以我们的一些性格可能会带有一些强烈的苏联训练的感觉。这就是我如何做了这同样的决定。我的妹妹不太一样,她也在这里,她也是一名医生。她也是在苏联毕业。(掌声)后来回来和我们的母亲一起工作我们正好恰逢内战—当内战爆发时我16岁,而我妹妹只有11岁。在90年代初期我们看到了需要,看到了的那些人,使我们回来去帮助他们。

Pat Mitchell:那么母女在一起在如此危险甚至有时让人毛骨耸然的环境下工作,最大的挑战是什么?

Hawa Abdi:是的,我在一个非常艰苦的环境中工作,非常的危险。当我看到需要我的人的时候,我留下来帮助他们,因为我可以为他们做一些事情。很多人飞到了国外。但是我和这些人留在一起,我努力地做着一些事—一些我可以做到的小事。我在我的本职上获得了成功。现在在我们的地方有9万人,大家互相尊敬,没有争斗。我们努力靠自己为大家做一些事,一些力所能及的小事。我非常感谢我的两位女儿,当她们来到我身边时,她们帮助我来治疗那些人,帮忙等。她们什么活儿都做。她们完成了我的期望。

Pat Mitchell:和你妈妈在一起工作最棒的地方是什么?还有对你来说最有挑战的事情是什么?

Deqo Mohamed:她太严格,这是最有挑战性的地方。她总是希望我们做的更多。当你真的觉得做不来的时候,她会督促你,然后她去做。这是最棒的地方。她教我们怎样做,怎样成为一个好人,如何做长时间的手术——一天300个病人,10到20个手术,然后还要管理营地,这就是她如何训练我们的。可不像这里的办公室,就诊20个病人,然后你累了。我们要看300个病人,做20个手术,还有9万个人要去管理。

Pat Mitchell:但是你们这样做是如此有意义。(掌声)

Hawa Abdi:谢谢。

Deqo Mohamed:谢谢(掌声)。

Hawa Abdi:非常感谢。(Deqo Mohamed:非常感谢。)

注:以下来源于Hawa Abdi在Vital Voices的自白:

My mother was dreaming that I would be a great person. She became pregnant with her seventh child when I was eleven years old. As her stomach swelled, she felt weakness and pain, but she said, No problem, Hawa. Everything will be okay. Whether it comes to us through violence, disease or even childbirth, that is not the end of our story. You have to get up and help someone who needs you. I became a doctor because I wanted to save others from feeling the pain after my mother died.

我的母亲梦想我会成为一位很伟大的人。她在我十一岁时怀上她的第七个小孩。随着她的肚子越来越大,她感到虚弱而且痛苦,但她说:“没问题的,Hawa。一切都会好起来的。不论它(死亡)是透过暴力、疾病或甚至分娩迎向我们,那都不是我们故事的结局。你必须要坚强起来并帮助那些需要你的人。”我成为一位医生,因为在我母亲过世后我想要拯救其他人免于病痛。

The Somalia I grew up in was so much different than today. Mogadishu was the best place in all Africa. In the rural area, children had fresh milk, fresh meat, fresh air. Life was very beautiful, very simple and very peaceful.

我成长过程中的索马里和今天大不相同。摩加迪沙(索马里第一大城)曾是整个非洲最棒的地方。在乡村地区,孩子们有新鲜牛奶、新鲜的肉、新鲜空气。生活非常美好、非常简单也非常平静。

It started to go bad in 1988. When the government collapsed, more and more people came to us to escape the fighting. The Somali people have tradition of hospitality. When a traveler comes to you, you have to give him the best of what you have. It seems only natural that the problems we could solve, like giving someone a place to stay and the feeling of safety should be solved.

一切从1988年开始恶化。当政府崩解后,越来越多的人来找我们以逃离斗争。索马里人有好客的传统。当旅人投靠你,你必须要给他你拥有的最好的东西。我们可以解决的问题应该要被解决,像是提供某人住宿的地方以及安全感,这似乎就是自然而然的。

When space became full, families began to sleep under the trees. After more than twenty years, it became ninety thousand people. These people have become my family. Here we are all Somali. If you won t identity with your ground, you cannot stay.

当人满为患时,家家户户开始睡在树下。在二十多年后,这里有了九万人。这些人变成我的家人。在这里我们全都是索马里人。如果你不认同你的土地,你就不能留下来。

In time, my children become doctors, and now, we work together. Each crisis we face gives way to the next as a new group takes control of our area. Sometimes these children, with their guns, they told me, You are an old woman. You cannot be in charge. I said, And you are a strong young man, what have you done for these people?

最后,我的孩子们都成了医师,而现在,我们一同工作。一个又一个新的组织试图控制我们这地区,而我们会解决我们所面临的每一次危机。有时候这些孩子,拿着他们的枪,他们告诉我:“你是个老女人。你不能掌权。”我说:“你是个强壮的年轻人,但你为这些人们做过些什么?”

Whether for fighting or the famine, we have lost as many as fifty people per day. But we get up. We go on. And we help someone who needs us.

不论是斗争或是饥荒,我们每天失去多达五十人。但我们振作起来。我们走下去。我们帮助某些需要我们的人。

Today our one-room clinic is a four hundred beds hospital. I live for the hope that peace will come; that my children and my grandchildren will someday know the Somalia I loved. Until that time, they can build on what I have started.

今天我们那只有一间房的诊所成了有四百张床的医院。我活着是抱持着和平终会到来的希望;我的孩子和我的孙子们终有一天会了解我深爱的索马里。到那时之前,他们可以在我着手建立的成果上发展。

I m Dr. Hawa Abdi. This is my Vital Voice. Now, raise yours.

我是Hawa Abdi医生。这是我的Vital Voice。现在,发起你的言论吧。

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发布于 : 2021-03-24 阅读(0)
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